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The timely enforcement of supplier contracts by courts of justice is an important determinant of firms’ organizational structure and overall productivity.

Efforts to bring informal firms into the formal sector are often based on a view that this will bring benefits to the firms themselves, or at least benefit governments through increasing the tax base.

This chapter focuses on how gendered institutions explain entrepreneurial choice in the informal economy in developing contexts contribute towards discussions on the contextual embeddedness of women's entrepreneurship.

Adhvaryu, Kala and Nyshadham (2017) evaluate the causal impacts of on-the-job soft skills training on the productivity, wages, and retention of female garment workers in India. The program increased women’s extraversion and communication, and spurred technical skill upgrading.