Performance ranking triggers multiple social incentives for workers. On one hand, it offers status rewards to induce the workers to increase their effort. On the other, it introduces risks of social retribution from coworkers for outperforming them.
This paper studies productivity growth and input reallocation across plants, and scrutinises the wedges between the marginal product of inputs and marginal costs hindering the allocative efficiency of factor inputs.
The literature in economics on the interplay between technology and human capital suggests that the adoption and usage of technology can potentially have a positive effect on the human capital of users – for example, by rearranging connections in their brains.
Targeting is a core element of anti-poverty program design, with benefits typically targeted to those most “deprived” in some sense (e.g., consumption, wealth).