Conflict

We document the trajectory of SMEs in Burkina Faso between 2020 and 2022, which were affected not only by the global Covid-19 shock, but also by several negative local shocks: two coups took place in 2022, in the context of increasing frequent terrorist attacks.

Multinationals in the extractive sectors of weak states face resource theft by armed groups. This criminality is often abetted by state corruption, even though firms are willing to pay for protection.

This paper investigates the effect of terrorism financing and recruitment on attacks.

This study examines how the timing and location of terrorism financing relates to terrorist attacks and whether there is a link between financing and recruitment in generating attacks.

A positive demand shock for coltan, a mineral whose bulky output cannot be concealed, leads armed actors to create illicit customs and provide protection at coltan mines, where they settle as “stationary bandits.” A similar shock for gold, easy to conceal,