Policy

Several field experiments find positive returns to grants for male and not female micro- entrepreneurs. But these analyses overlook that female entrepreneurs often reside with a male business owner.

Climate policy pushes energy-efficiency investments as a means to reduce energy consumption, and thus greenhouse gas emissions, in developing countries.

Pande and Sudarshan (2017) compile a unique dataset on India’s controversial environmental clearance (EC) process, the system through which large investment projects receive government approval before breaking ground.

We study the impact of Indonesia’s KAPET programme, which provided incentives to firms to locate in specific districts.

Sialkot, Pakistan, is the world center of hand-stitched soccer-ball manufacturing. The existence of the cluster is puzzling and seems to argue against the "home market effect", since there is little local demand for soccer balls.

Using a randomized experiment, the authors show that enhancing the benefits of formalization through personalized assistance induces more firms to formalize.

Many states struggle to enforce contracts. The origin of the state's "legal capacity" to enforce contracts is often explained as a result of past choices by rulers.

This study uses a Brazilian tax reform to analyse the production loss caused by turnover taxes, a type of tax common in developing countries that distorts transactions between firms.

In this study of a large scale highway upgrade project in India, called the Golden Quadrilateral (GQ), Kerr, Grover and Ghani (2013) find several positive effects on the organized sector for non-nodal districts located in proximity with the GQ vis-à-vis other districts — most notably higher entry

A census of formal firms in the Ethiopian leather industry reveals that the change in government policy was successful in attracting foreign direct investment in the processing of raw hides and in the manufacturing of leather products.