Credit

We explore how financial constraints distort the entry decisions among otherwise productive entrepreneurs and limit growth of promising young firms.

Using a mix of survey and secondary datasets on Africa, we document that banks and non-bank financial institutions account for more than 85 percent of corporate bonds issued in Africa during 2000—2020, with a market capitalization of over 80 percent of these bon

We experimentally study the impact of relatively large enterprise loans in Egypt.

A widely held view is that small firms in developing countries are prevented from making profitable investments by lack of access to credit and insurance markets. One solution is to provide repayment flexibility in credit contracts.

Microfinance has become a widely used tool to provide credit to areas and populations that traditionally lack access to conventional banking services.

Governments seek to reduce pervasive firm informality for multiple reasons: taxes, firm growth, rule of law, and information.

With increasing access to mobile phones across the world, mobile money services have been growing in popularity, enabling users to deposit, transfer, and withdraw funds from a digital account without owning a bank account.